Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone secreted by intestinal L cells, and its receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) is an innovative hypoglycemic drug. It lowers blood sugar levels through multiple mechanisms such as promoting insulin secretion, inhibiting the release of glucagon, delaying gastric emptying, and reducing food intake. In addition, GLP-1RA can improve blood lipids, blood pressure, liver enzyme activity and liver fat content, enhance insulin sensitivity, and provide protection for the cardiovascular system and kidneys.